QA interview qsn set 1

Basic QA Questions What is QA?
QA ensures that the product meets requirements and is free of defects through testing and process improvement.
What is the difference between QA, QC, and Testing? QA → Process-oriented (preventing defects). QC → Product-oriented (finding defects). Testing → Execution of test cases to find bugs. What is the Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC)?
Stages: Requirement → Design → Development → Testing → Deployment → Maintenance. What is the Software Testing Life Cycle (STLC)?
Stages: Requirement Analysis → Test Planning → Test Case Design → Test Environment Setup → Test Execution → Test Closure. 🔹 Testing Concepts Difference between functional and non-functional testing? Functional → Validates what the system does (login, signup, etc.). Non-functional → Validates how well the system works (performance, security, usability). What is regression testing? Retesting after changes to ensure old features still work. What is smoke testing? Quick test to check if the main functionality is working before deeper testing. What is sanity testing? Focused test to check if a specific bug fix or feature works. What is difference between severity and priority? Severity → Impact of bug (Critical/High/Low). Priority → Urgency to fix (Immediate/Normal/Low). 🔹 Test Artifacts What is a test case? A document that describes input, execution steps, and expected output. What is a bug/defect life cycle? New → Assigned → Open → Fixed → Retest → Verified → Closed (or Reopen). What is a test plan? A document describing scope, objectives, approach, resources, schedule, and deliverables of testing. 🔹 Automation & Tools Have you worked with automation tools? Example: Selenium for UI automation, JMeter for performance testing, Postman for API testing. What’s the difference between manual and automation testing? Manual → Done by human testers. Automation → Scripts/tools perform tests, faster for repetitive tasks. 🔹 API Testing (Hot Topic in QA Interviews) Difference between GET, POST, PUT, PATCH, DELETE? GET → Retrieve data. POST → Create new data. PUT → Update/replace existing data. PATCH → Update part of the data. DELETE → Remove data. What status codes do you know? 200 → OK 201 → Created 400 → Bad Request 401 → Unauthorized 403 → Forbidden 404 → Not Found 500 → Internal Server Error 🔹 Behavioral QA Questions What do you do if you find a critical bug just before release? Report immediately → Explain risk → Work with dev team → Escalate if needed. How do you ensure quality in your testing? Follow requirements, prepare detailed test cases, peer reviews, maintain test coverage. Tell me about a bug you found that was difficult to reproduce. (Be ready with a story: intermittent issue, steps to reproduce, logs/screenshots).